North Carolina is defined by a wide range of elevations and landscapes.

North Carolina often uses the slogan 'First in Flight' on state license plates to commemorate this achievement, alongside a newer alternative design bearing the slogan 'First in Freedom' in reference to the Mecklenburg Declaration and Halifax Resolves. On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world's first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft at Kitty Hawk in North Carolina's Outer Banks. Following the Civil War, the state was restored to the Union on July 4, 1868. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20, 1861, becoming the tenth of eleven states to join the Confederate States of America. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution. The Halifax Resolves resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the American Revolution. In 1755, colonial North Carolina received its first postmaster, James Davis, appointed by Benjamin Franklin. Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and was one of the Thirteen Colonies. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). North Carolina was inhabited by Carolina Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans.

The earliest evidence of human occupation in North Carolina dates back 10,000 years, found at the Hardaway Site. The Raleigh-Durham-Cary combined statistical area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state and 32nd-most populous in the United States, with a population of 2,043,867 in 2020, and is home to the largest research park in the United States, Research Triangle Park. The Charlotte metropolitan area, with a population of 2,595,027 in 2020, is the most-populous metropolitan area in North Carolina, the 21st-most populous in the United States, and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City. Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its largest city. In the 2020 census, the state had a population of 10,439,388. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west.

The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. North Carolina ( / ˌ k ær ə ˈ l aɪ n ə/ ( listen)) is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

Civics today nc textbook chapter 22